I know there is nothing such as negative duty cycle. However, you are adjusting the car's natural duty cycle by adding (+ in the EMU) or resisting (- in the EMU) the voltage.
If lets say 10v = injector at 100%, that would means 5v = 50%. Now if the injector is running at 50% at 4000rpm then you have the ability in the eManage to -/+ that voltage at that rpm. If the injector was at 0v then you'd obviously get an error because the injector would either be non-functional or the car would be off.
no..firstly ur not adjusting "natural" or factory duty cycle but ur adding on to the PWM pulse of the factory injector.
2ndly, the voltage never varies, only the duration varies, for instance, if d.c is said to be 30% than the injector is open or spraying fuel only 30% of the time its powered up.
fuel mapping of any sort is all about duration and nothing else.